Inclusion

Inclusion Discussion

Definition of Inclusion

• Therapists liked the definition of inclusion that Stainback (1990) proposes, "a sense of belonging, acceptance, and value" and thought it was quite applicable to our work as physios.
• The authors state that inclusion is "primarily a subjective experience".  We discussed how its important to talk to the child themselves and ask what they think.  It can be very different depending on the child's level of functioning and motivation.
• PTs may see inclusion from a more physical perspective.  Its important to think about the social aspects.

Examples of Inclusion working well

• Capoeira Kids -- lots of children with different needs mixed into one big dance group.
• Swim-abilities program -- includes many children including typically developing kids with anxiety. Works as a transition program to including children in regular swim programs.
• Learn to bike program -- children bond with peers who also have challenges bike riding and then with their new biking skills are more included in their community peer group. Sponsored by the Edmonton Bicycle Commuters.
• Wheelchair basketball or Sledge hockey in P.E. -- the entire class plays the sport allowing the child with a disability to show off their skills.  Available through the Paralypic Sports Association.

Facilitation of Inclusion

• Often inclusion is easier in the younger age groups (0-5 years) since all activities are facilitated by adults. (for example, GRIT)
• Adults may organize a "buddy system" for peers to assist a child with a disability.  Important to give children a chance to volunteer rather than being told to do it, providing opportunities rather than focrcing inclusion.  May be rotating buddy system.
• Important to provide education to children at their level to help them understand their peer's difficulties (especially helps with behavioural issues since the other children may not understand why).

Circle of Courage (Bentro, Brokenleg, and Van Bockern 1990)

• Nice conceptual model that shows the interaction between mastery and independence with belonging.  Physical Therapists can help facilitate belonging by helping the child master skills and by promoting independence.
• An entire culture of acceptance is needed at schools and in the community for successful inclusion.
• Need to help families to "shop around" for programs or activities that their child can succeed at to foster a sense of belonging.